Show cisco 2950 switch info from rommon mode

This is how to show the MAC and serial number while you are in rommon mode of Cisco 2950 switch:


switch: flash_init

switch: more flash:env_vars

BOOT=flash:c2950-i6k2l2q4-mz.121-22.EA13.bin

MAC_ADDR=00:0B:FD:60:C0:40

MODEL_NUM=WS-C2950C-24

MODEL_REVISION_NUM=G0

MOTHERBOARD_ASSEMBLY_NUM=73-5710-11

MOTHERBOARD_REVISION_NUM=A0

MOTHERBOARD_SERIAL_NUM=FO1170307Z7

POWER_SUPPLY_PART_NUM=34-091165-01

POWER_SUPPLY_SERIAL_NUM=PHI0648051JE

SYSTEM_SERIAL_NUM=FOC07013AZ0N1

switch:

SSH to Cisco WLC using Python (3.6) - simple example

import paramiko
import netmiko
from netmiko import ConnectHandler

host = "IP address"
user = "admin"
pw = "xxxxxxx"
platform = "cisco_wlc"


device = ConnectHandler(device_type=platform, ip=host, username=user, password=pw)


output = device.send_command('show wlan 1')

print(output)


device.disconnect()

Cisco AP power level 1 in UNII-1 and Level 4 in UNII-3

I was testing two Cisco 3602e access points. In The RF profile I had set min and max power to be 14dBm. Therefore I would expect the RRM will set the same power level in both APs

But when I checked the two APs one has power level 4 and the other has power level 1

Then I checked the output of command "show advanced 802.11a txpower". The output below explains why the two APs show two different power level. Because one is using an UNII-1 channel and the other is using a UNI-3 channel.

Set time zone in Cisco ISE 2.3

Cisco ISE has a CLI interface very similar to Cisco IOS.

1) SSH in to ISE 

2) show time zones 


ise-1/admin# show timezones

Australia/NSW
Australia/North
Australia/Perth
Australia/Queensland
Australia/South
Australia/Sydney

3) Set the time zone

ise-1/admin(config)# clock timezone Australia/Sydney

% On ise distributed deployments, it is recommended all nodes be

% configured with the same time zone.

Continue with time zone change?  Y/N [N]: y

System timezone was modified. You must restart ISE for change to take effect.

Do you want to restart ISE now? (yes/no) no

ise-1/admin(config)#

ise-1/admin(config)# end

ise-1/admin#

ise-1/admin# show clock

Tue Oct 24 20:47:09 AEDT 2017

PKI-3-CERTIFICATE_INVALID_NOT_YET_VALID - Cisco vWLC

I installed a fresh copy of Cisco vWLC version  AIR_CTVM-K9_8_2_151_0. But my AP3502i refused to connect to this controller and returns the error "PKI-3-CERTIFICATE_INVALID_NOT_YET_VALID" in the console output.

Then I checked the WLC self signed certificate (SSC) and it is not valid yet !!!

I thought I could regenerate the certificate with correct time but could find any CLI command or GUI option to do that.

Then I thought, lets change the time so that the certificate will be valid.

After few minutes that changed the AP's time as well and the AP connected to the controller !!!

IPsec capture with decryption information

This is a capture I did from a StrongSwan net-to-net IPsec VPN I setup for testing.

Packet capture : pkt capture link

Phase 1 main mode - IKEv1 

Initiator cookie : 751b83775c20d140
Encryption key : d38c64bef9facf441f8ad9080e2bb157

Phase 2 quick mode 

Src IP : 172.16.1.70
Dest IP : 172.16.1.71
SPI : 0xc04af751
Encryption : AES-CBC
Encryption key : 0x7c60aad1e87addb04ce8030de87c95aa
Authentication : HMAC-SHA-1
Authentication key : 0x7d46f88c672d660d7a36d5a1a756f4e10ba6c29d


Src IP : 172.16.1.71
Dest IP : 172.16.1.71
SPI : 0xce38569e
Encryption : AES-CBC
Encryption key : 0x9b6eeff11d56d9e7e658d9b09c78d19a
Authentication : HMAC-SHA-1
Authentication key : 0x8ff0d9ff940d81198d555e3574e51a6354f9d7f6

If you want to do this your self follow the steps below to capture encryption keys from StrongSwan.

Setup the network based on : https://www.strongswan.org/testing/testresults/ikev1/net2net-psk/

Edit /etc/sysctl.conf and uncomment "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1"  to enable routing

enter the command "ipsec up net-net" to start the IPsec tunnel

1) To get the two values to decrypt ISAKMP (IKE phase 1 and 2 )

Initiator cookie : can be found in the first pkt sent.

Edit  /etc/ipsec.conf and add debug level 4 for IKE

# /etc/ipsec.conf - strongSwan IPsec configuration file

config setup

        charondebug="ike 4,enc 4"

        uniqueids=yes

        strictcrlpolicy=no

conn %default

        ikelifetime=60m

        keylife=8h

        rekeymargin=3m

        keyingtries=1

        keyexchange=ikev1

        authby=secret

conn net-net

        left=172.16.1.70

        leftsubnet=10.1.0.0/24

        leftid=@moon.strongswan.org

        leftfirewall=yes

        right=172.16.1.71

        rightsubnet=10.2.0.0/24

        rightid=@sun.strongswan.org

        auto=add

Restart the IPsec session and check /var/log/syslog file for the encryption key

2) To get keys data to decrypt the ESP data payload enter the command "ip xfrm state". You need enter data for the two security association.

root@ubuntu-1-ipsec:/home/ruwanindika# ip xfrm state

src 172.16.1.70 dst 172.16.1.71

proto esp spi 0xc39e664b reqid 1 mode tunnel

replay-window 32 flag af-unspec

auth-trunc hmac(sha1) 0x6cd0b2f0fa5a81642150b059b6333a3919426da7 96

enc cbc(aes) 0x392c130f3fc8b82c7552e12746cfcf36

anti-replay context: seq 0x0, oseq 0x1f8, bitmap 0x00000000

src 172.16.1.71 dst 172.16.1.70

proto esp spi 0xc2709853 reqid 1 mode tunnel

replay-window 32 flag af-unspec

auth-trunc hmac(sha1) 0xf9f4ab8729ce3f844f5d59de64ba30b24a99ca92 96

enc cbc(aes) 0x63ce266892721d11301631c504d63979

anti-replay context: seq 0x1f8, oseq 0x0, bitmap 0xffffffff

OSPF adjacency not forming ?

Router ID 3.3.3.3 (172.16.1.1) and router ID 4.4.4.4 (172.16.1.2) is not forming adjacency. I was thinking how to troubleshoot this.

Then I did a packet capture and saw that both routers are sending OSPF hello pkts

packet capture : https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUNThOTGhjSTQ1b00

So why are they not forming adjacency ???  Let's look in to the hello pkts to see whether there is any obvious  difference between the hellos 

Then I corrected the configuration

R4#show running-config | section ospf

router ospf 1

 router-id 4.4.4.4

 area 172 stub

 redistribute eigrp 1 subnets

 network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 172

R4#

R4#configure terminal 

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

R4(config)#

R4(config)#router  ospf 1 

R4(config-router)#no area 172 stub 

R4(config-router)# 

R4(config-router)#area 172 nssa 

R4(config-router)#

R4(config-router)#end

R4#

*Apr  9 11:42:17.315: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

*Apr  9 11:42:18.311: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R4# 

R4#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

3.3.3.3           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:38    172.16.1.1      FastEthernet0/0

R4#

Microwave oven interference

I visited this site because they were complaining about connectivity issues in a staff common area. I was sitting there looking at the spectrum analyser and someone came in and started the microwave oven. This is what I saw in the spectrum analyser.

Packet capture samples

Some times I want to quickly look at a sample packet capture of some protocol but its not readily available somewhere in internet to download. So I thought of making a list.


1) BGP packet capture - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUa0FBZm5OM3dndE0

2) RADIUS packet capture - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUQlA5R0tEQWtTdmc

3) IPsec - isakmp - ESP  capture  - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUYWxkWTNJMER2dEk

4) Wifi 4-way handshake - https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3ctVg8ubiwUMDYwWXJ2c2taMlE/view?usp=sharing

5) RSTP synchronization proposal and root election - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUMlQ4dHBPM1dGSEk

6) OSPF-with-LSA-types-1, 3, 4 and 5 -  https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUVGNXeEQwNUdOd1k

7) Multiple spanning tree (MST) - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUeTVHLW0wQmZLeEU

8) RADIUS CoA, captured from Cisco ISE - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUYkE2ZEFVTGFBcTQ

9) EAP-FAST authentication RADIUS pkt capture from Cisco ISE - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUX3A3dVJrdU55MXc

10) WIFI CoA with RADIUS pkts - https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3ctVg8ubiwUWG1nWHBfRmVoTDQ

11) AWS Greengrass IoT MQTT - https://drive.google.com/open?id=1W8n23dJAxhcrgwnMbFAcEaO6cEQQL2Ga

Aerohive HMNG API "Refreshing a Token"

based on :  https://developer.aerohive.com


1)  Using endpoint https://cloud.aerohive.com/services/oauth2/token

POST : https://cloud.aerohive.com/services/oauth2/token?grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=VephPaRwBhTR60Zg14cCIbWsB7SCqPnV


Content-Type : application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Authorization : Basic OTU4NzY4NDE6ODY0OTM4MA4YTU3NzlkNzEwY2QwNDdjNmIxMTlkZTg=

2) [NOT recommended] Using endpoint : https://cloud.aerohive.com/services/acct/thirdparty/refreshtoken 

POST : https://cloud.aerohive.com/services/acct/thirdparty/refreshtoken?refreshToken=0-GI5UcUKqi9foTrE_-k6z6OMLDDnJtK

X-AH-API-CLIENT-ID : 9587841
X-AH-API-CLIENT-SECRET : 86493008a5779d710cd047c6b119de8
X-AH-API-CLIENT-REDIRECT-URI : https://apache.testneta.local